Fig. 4. Influence of propolis on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, levels of GSH and ROS and on the liver functions (ALT and AST levels) in CCl₄-treated mice. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of GSH and ROS were measured in the liver lysates, but the levels of ALT and AST were measured in the serum of control (open bars), CCl₄-treated (closed black bars), and CCl₄+propolis-treated (hatched bars) animals. The activities of GSH Px (A), catalase (B) and MnSOD (C) were measured in the liver lysates of the three animal groups, and the results were expressed as U per mg of liver lysate proteins as written in the materials and methods section. The levels of GSH (D) and ROS (E) were also measured in the liver lysates of mice in the three animal groups. The serum levels of ALT (F) and AST (G) were detected in the three animal groups. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 5). ^*P<0.05 for CCl₄-treated mice versus control mice. ^#P<0.05 for CCl₄+propolis-treated mice versus CCl₄-treated mice. ⁺P<0.05 for CCl₄+propolis-treated mice versus control mice (ANOVA with Tukey's post-test).